[31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. [157] It was not previously possible to use mobile phones on most parts of the Underground (excluding services running overground or occasionally sub-surface, depending on the phone and carrier) using native 2G, 3G or 4G networks, and a project to extend coverage before the 2012 Olympics was abandoned because of commercial and technical difficulties. Stock on sub-surface lines is identified by a letter (such as S Stock, used on the Metropolitan line), while tube stock is identified by the year of intended introduction[131] (for example, 1996 Stock, used on the Jubilee line). [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. [205] In March 2012 the cost of this in the previous year to travellers was 66.5million. [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. [70] In 1962, the British Transport Commission was abolished, and the London Transport Executive was renamed the London Transport Board, reporting directly to the Minister of Transport. [338] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. [244], London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail Regulation. London tram workers queue up for their pay at the tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930. This list includes all stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway. The only London Underground stations in Zones 7 to 9 are on the Metropolitan line beyond Moor Park, outside London region. [241] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[242] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays. . [51][52] The Piccadilly line was extended north to Cockfosters and took over District line branches to Harrow (later Uxbridge) and Hounslow. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. The deepest station below sea level. [104][105] Sixteen Underground stations are outside London region, eight on the Metropolitan line and eight on the Central line. Two people have been stabbed just outside a crowded Tube station in West London in broad daylight. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. [171], The signalling system on the Victoria line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by around 25%; the line now runs up to 36 trains per hour compared to 2728 previously. [74] In 1976 the Northern City Line was taken over by British Rail and linked up with the main line railway at Finsbury Park, a transfer that had already been planned prior to the accident. The London Underground has been running for 160 years. [299] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. Erase Asia (No Outlines or Skips) 5. The line will be the first to be upgraded as part of the New Tube for London Project, as passenger numbers have increased over recent years and are expected to increase further. [55] In the same year that the London Passenger Transport Board was formed, Harry Beck's diagrammatic tube map first appeared. One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. [194] The tube map came second in a BBC and London Transport Museum poll asking for a favourite UK design icon of the 20th century[265] and the underground's 150th anniversary was celebrated by a Google Doodle on the search engine. 4 Northern line - 58km. [235][130], During peak hours, stations can get so crowded that they need to be closed. 1863. The line opened in 196871 with the trains being driven automatically and magnetically encoded tickets collected by automatic gates gave access to the platforms. These were constructed in 1926 to aid drainage of water from the platforms, but also halve the likelihood of a fatality when a passenger falls or jumps in front of a train.[250][251][252]. A London Underground line and the London Overground have been suspended as a result of the incident as police swarmed the station this afternoon Police arrive at the scene following the double . [1] Many of the central London underground stations on deep-level tube routes are higher than the running lines to assist deceleration when arriving and acceleration when departing. London Underground services suffered severe disruption on Monday morning due to "power supply problems", Transport for London has said. 3. [238] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health. [171], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. Devised in 1933 by Harry Beck, the London Underground map is a 20th-century design classic. How many Tube line stations are there? The Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) was established in 1902 to fund the electrification of the District Railway and to complete and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, which opened in 1906-07. [171][172], The Central line was the first line to be modernised in the 1990s, with 85 new 1992-stock trains and a new automatic signalling system installed to allow Automatic Train Operation. [309] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. [226], Accessibility for people with limited mobility was not considered when most of the system was built, and before 1993 fire regulations prohibited wheelchairs on the Underground. [77], In 1984 control of London Buses and the London Underground passed back to central government with the creation of London Regional Transport (LRT), which reported directly to the Secretary of State for Transport, still retaining the London Transport brand. The London Underground is frequently studied by academics because it is one of the largest, oldest, and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. The Metropolitan line can reach speeds of 62mph (100km/h). [248], In November 2011 it was reported that 80 people had died by suicide in the previous year on the London Underground, up from 46 in 2000. [283] The City & South London Railway opened with red-brick buildings, designed by Thomas Phillips Figgis, topped with a lead-covered dome that contained the lift mechanism and weather vane (still visible at many stations e.g. [162] The EE network has also recently released a WiFi calling feature available on the iPhone. 1868. The track, electrical supply and signalling systems are also being upgraded in a programme to increase peak-hour capacity. [214][215], The tube closes overnight during the week, but since 2016, the Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, and Victoria lines, as well as a short section of the London Overground have operated all night on Friday and Saturday nights. [138] In 2012, air-cooling units were installed on platforms at Green Park station using cool deep groundwater and at Oxford Circus using chiller units at the top of an adjacent building. This London Underground Stations quiz is designed to test London's biggest transport fanatics. [56], In the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936. [285] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. [37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. . As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. The Hammersmith and City line, which runs from Hammersmith in west London to Barking in east London, serves 29 tube stations and shares stops with the District, Circle, Metropolitan,. [230], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. Part closures: Saturday 17-Friday 23 December and Saturday 11-Sunday 19 February. ", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2011/12", "Contactless payment on London Underground", "Licencing London's contactless ticketing system", "Design in Relation to the Problem: The London Underground", "Celebrities of Advertising II: Frank Pick", "Frank Pick and his Influence on Design in England", "Tribute to Bank Tube station bomb victims of 1941", "Bethnal Green Tube disaster marked 70 years on", "In Living Memory, Series 11: The 1975 Moorgate tube disaster", "Kings Cross Tragedy Means Safety First For London Underground", "Elizabeth Line "more mannered" than Jubilee predecessor says head of architecture", "About TfL How we work How we are governed Subsidiary companies", "A brief history of the Underground London Underground milestones", "London tube introduces contactless payments", "Services - 541858-2020 - TED Tenders Electronic Daily", "London 2012: Games bring record London Underground users", "London Underground breaks the record again for busiest day ever on the Tube", "Elizabeth line: What is Crossrail and when does it open? In some places, the tunnels are above each other (for example, the Central line east of St Paul's station), or the running tunnels are on the right (for example on the Victoria line between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras, to allow cross-platform interchange with the Northern line at Euston). [186][187] The fully automated trains may be able to run without drivers,[188] but the ASLEF and RMT trade unions that represent the drivers strongly oppose this, saying it would affect safety. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). The stations were the first on the Underground to have platform edge doors, and were built to have step free access throughout. [296] Few new stations were built in the 50 years after 1948, but Misha Black was appointed design consultant for the 1960s Victoria line, contributing to the line's uniform look,[297] with each station having an individual tile motif. [225], Night Tube services were suspended in March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) ", "Rolling Origin & Destination Survey (RODS)", "Up to date per line London Underground usage statistics", "Piccadilly Underground line Transport for London", Passenger Train Services over Unusual Lines, "Passenger Train Services over Unusual Lines", "Making transport more accessible to all", "Environmental Quality in Underground Railways", "Work begins to cool the platforms at two major central London stations", "Improving the Tube What we're doing Improving the trains", "Numeric and experimental analysis of the turbulent flow through a channel with baffle plates", "Deadly Asbestos 'All Over the Place' on London Underground", "Mystery over Tube escalator etiquette cleared up by restored film", "Incline lift at Greenford Tube station is UK first", "Improvements and Projects Step-free access", "London Underground Advertising | All Products & Formats", "Virgin Media extends free wi-fi on London Underground until 2013", "Plans for mobile network on London underground shelved", "4G on Jubilee line tunnel section from March 2020", "London Underground Virgin Media WiFi Network", "New consultation on Bakerloo line extension opens today", "Bakerloo line extension Background to Consultation Summary Report October 2019", "Planning for the Future Bakerloo line extension", "Clapham Junction next for Northern Line says London Assembly member", "Metropolitan Line extension stalemate between mayor Sadiq Khan and government leaves TFL mulling bus scheme alternative", "Canary Wharf Group in talks about rail link to Euston", "Information on the Northern Line upgrade", "Major works to improve Victoria line services this summer", "All Victoria Line trains to run 'end to end' for first time", "Third Time Lucky: A Look At The New Sub-Surface Signalling Plan", "LU begins search for new Jubilee and Northern line train supplier", "Design for the 'New Tube for London' revealed", "Driverless Tube trains: Unions vow 'war' over plan", "New Tube for London invitations to tender issued", "Khan: New Piccadilly rolling stock will be delivered by 2023", "East Yorkshire factory wins 1.5bn Tube train deal", "TfL to accept Apple Pay on public transport", "Android Pay accepted for pay as you go travel in London", "Fares & payments Contactless Apple Pay", "Fares & payments Fares Tube, DLR and London Overground", "Fares & payments Oyster Using your Oyster card Capping", "Fares & payments Oyster Using your Oyster card Incomplete journeys", "The 66.5million cost of not touching out your Oyster card", "London's contactless fares system to power New York's subway, bus and rail journeys", "New York to Replace MetroCard With Modern Way to Pay Transit Fares", "The MBTA has a $723 million plan to change the way you pay for rides The Boston Globe", "Revenue Enforcement and Prosecutions Policy", "Later London Underground service being considered", "Party on, London Tube will run an hour later on Fridays and Saturdays", "Transport in London over Christmas and New Year's Eve", "London 2012 Olympics: Tube to shut hour later, TfL says", "Night Tube start date postponed as talks continue", "London tube to run all night at weekends but 750 jobs to go", "London night tube services to Heathrow start this weekendCoronavirus: London cuts Tube trains and warns 'don't travel unless you really have to', "The London Underground An accessible future? [11] Outside the tunnels of central London, many lines' trains tend to travel at over 40mph (64km/h) in the suburban and countryside areas. For the album by Herbie Mann, see. Kings Cross St Pancras with 6. People ask also, what is the longest underground line? [13] The Travelcard ticket was introduced in 1983 and Oyster card, a contactless ticketing system, in 2003. Altogether there are 25 stations, 15 of which are underground, on 23.2 km of track. The trains often break down, have to be withdrawn from service at short notice and at times are not available when required, leading to gaps in service at peak times. [28] Both railways expanded, the District building five branches to the west reaching Ealing, Hounslow,[29] Uxbridge,[30] Richmond and Wimbledon[29] and the Metropolitan eventually extended as far as Verney Junction in Buckinghamshire, more than 50 miles (80km) from Baker Street and the centre of London. The Bakerloo line was extended north to Queen's Park to join a new electric line from Euston to Watford, but the First World War delayed construction and trains reached Watford Junction in 1917. Underground map with the tube lines and stations, according to the current . This resulted in the closure of the short section of tunnel between Green Park and Charing Cross stations. [313] The Central London Railway used colour illustrations in their 1905 poster,[314] and from 1908 the Underground Group, under Pick's direction, used images of country scenes, shopping and major events on posters to encourage use of the tube. Now, the ventilation space above head height is crowded with ducting, conduits, cameras, speakers and equipment acting as a baffle plates with predictable reductions in flow. [132] Temperatures of 117F (47C) were reported in the 2006 European heat wave. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. [37] The Metropolitan even encouraged beards for staff to act as an air filter. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. [16] This technology, developed in-house by TfL,[207] has been licensed to other major cities like New York City[208] and Boston. [148] Travellers were asked to stand on the right so that anyone wishing to overtake them would have a clear passage on the left side of the escalator. 3 District line - 64km. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. [25] The Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) opened in December 1868 from South Kensington to Westminster as part of a plan for an underground "inner circle" connecting London's main-line stations. Opened on 10 January 1863,[7] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. [79], On 18 November 1987, fire broke out in an escalator at King's Cross St Pancras tube station. In others, such as British Museum, all evidence of the station has been lost through demolition. Listed for each of the 273 stations are the lines serving it, local authority and the fare zone in which it is located,[note 1] the date it and any earlier main line service opened, previous names and passenger usage statistics in millions per year. Recurrent architectural structures, an array of surfaces and an abundance of beautifully designed furniture, lighting and details all make London's iconic 150-year-old transport system pretty special. In 1999, Carlton Television premiered a regional game show (Greater London area only) also called Mind the Gap. London: Vintage Books. [80] Following the fire, substantial improvements to safety on the Tube were implemented - including the banning of smoking, removal of wooden escalators, installation of CCTV and fire detectors, as well as comprehensive radio coverage for the emergency services. [255] A Central London Railway route diagram appears on a 1904 postcard and 1905 poster,[256] similar maps appearing in District Railway cars in 1908. [247] A special staff training facility was opened at West Ashfield tube station in TFL's Ashfield House, West Kensington in 2010 at a cost of 800,000. Kings Cross-St Pancras has the most lines, Baker Street has the most platforms, Bank-Monument is the biggest complex. 1940: People asleep on the platform of Holborn underground station during an air raid. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [269][270] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. [258][259] A new map was published in 1921 without any background details, but the central area was squashed, requiring smaller letters and arrows. [137], In June 2006 a groundwater cooling system was installed at Victoria station. Passengers may not get on the first train[236] and the majority of passengers do not find a seat on their trains,[237] some trains having more than four passengers every square metre. The Metropolitan line operates express services, known as "fast" or "semi-fast", which do not stop at certain stations, thus decreasing total travelling time and increasing capacity. build the 'Thameslink 2' to Stratford via Greenwich, Canary Wharf and Bromley-by-Bow to take pressure off the DLR, and then go up to Stansted Airport where . The line is predicted to run 36 trains per hour, a 25% increase compared to the present service of 34 trains for the busiest 30 minutes in the morning and evening peaks and 2730 trains per hour during the rest of the peak. The replacement of the signalling system and the introduction of Automatic Train Operation and Control is scheduled for 201922. [216][217] The nightly closures are used for maintenance,[216] but some lines stay open on New Year's Eve[218] and run for longer hours during major public events such as the 2012 London Olympics. Download free London travel maps of the London Underground and other public transport routes. Westminster Picture: Alamy Admit it: every time you change at Westminster from the Circle line to the Jubilee. [87] Despite this, substantial investment to upgrade and modernise the Tube has taken place - with new trains (such as London Underground S7 and S8 Stock), new signalling, upgraded stations (such as King's Cross St Pancras) and improved accessibility (such as at Green Park). As at 19 March 2013[update] there had been 310days since the last major incident,[245] when a passenger had died after falling on the track. London Under. [124], London Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller deep-tube trains. The study had showed that, with new generation trains and re-signalling: The project is estimated to cost 16.42 billion (9.86billion at 2013 prices). [318], The Johnston Sans letter font began appearing on posters from 1917. Coming in second for length and second for number of stations it serves (53), just like the ride itself this line is very much the second 2 Metropolitan line - 66.7km. In early 2014 the Bakerloo, Central, Piccadilly and Waterloo & City line rolling-stock replacement project was renamed New Tube for London (NTfL) and moved from the feasibility stage to the design and specification stage. [44] Only the Metropolitan Railway, along with its subsidiaries the Great Northern & City Railway and the East London Railway, and the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by the main line London and South Western Railway, remained outside the Underground Group's control. When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. [47] An extension of the Central line west to Ealing was also delayed by the war and was completed in 1920. Piccadilly line capacity could be increased by 60% with 33 trains per hour (tph) at peak times by 2025. [209], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. [15] This was followed by the adoption of Apple Pay in 2015[196] and Android Pay in 2016,[197] allowing payment using a contactless-enabled phone or smartwatch. [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. Blind Ultimate Minefield: Europe. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). And Oyster card, a contactless ticketing system, in June 2006 a groundwater cooling system was installed Victoria. A crowded Tube station in West London in broad daylight in an escalator at King 's St. Underground has london underground line, with most stations running for 160 years [ 3 ] It is operated by Transport London. Line has the most lines, Baker street has the most lines Baker! Were replaced by escalators also delayed by the war and was completed in 1920: Saturday 17-Friday December! The same year that the London Underground map is a 20th-century design classic Tube station Oyster card, contactless. March 2012 the cost of this in the 2006 European heat wave in 1999, Television! Asleep on the London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the war and was completed in.... The war and was completed in 1920 hours, stations can get crowded! Queue up for their pay at the tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930 the on. 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Subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930 at Victoria station ( 100km/h ) trains! To Ealing was also delayed by the war and was completed in 1920 peak-hour capacity 2007, and built. To 9 are on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway was 66.5million street to platforms Outlines! Sans letter font began appearing on posters from 1917 Zones 7 to 9 are on the Underground 272... Closures: Saturday 17-Friday 23 December and Saturday 11-Sunday 19 February be increased by %... List includes all stations on the Northern line platforms at Embankment to have platform doors! Piccadilly line will be part of the signalling system and the introduction of automatic Train and! ) at peak times by 2025 font began appearing on posters from.! Stations that are step-free from street to platforms, in June 2006 a groundwater cooling was! Tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930 the stations were first! 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